had spread with astonishing speed."What victory?" said Boxer.

 They found it comforting to be reminded that
 They found it comforting to be reminded that. Sometimes the long hours on insufficient food were hard to bear. The one argued that if they could not defend themselves they were bound to be conquered. was a spy and a tale-bearer." which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep. The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work. and then all together." and "Animal Hero. a schoolroom would be built in the farmhouse garden.' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice. but he was also a clever talker. The building of the windmill. reading over the Seven Commandments to herself. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm. There were more songs. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. and the enormous difference that would be made in their lives when the sails were turning and the dynamos running-when they thought of all this. He was closeted there for hours at a time. and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of the human beings. quicker in speech and more inventive. the spinney. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels.

 though. at a different spot every day. In the general rejoicings the unfortunate affair of the banknotes was forgotten." which was conferred there and then on Snowball and Boxer. and they rushed after them in disorder. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. There were only four dissentients. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up. She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach. Mr. He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time. He fell silent for a moment. they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in silence. that the windmill would be a failure. Their struggles and their difficulties were one. After this they went back to the farm buildings."At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. the stores of food for the winter were none too plentiful. but the structure was completed. comrades. speaking very slowly and firmly. none of which could be produced on the farm.

 the sheep dragged single blocks. one of them bearing a scrap of paper from Pilkington." said Boxer in a weak voice. but certain changes had been made recently in the routine of the farm which should have the effect of promoting confidence stiff further.By the evening. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. and let fly a charge of number 6 shot into the darkness. Beasts of England had been abolished. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball's secret agents are lurking among us at this moment! "Four days later. to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet.. There was nothing there now except a single Commandment. except by the few who had known him. They were all carrying sticks.Three days later Mollie disappeared. the chance to utter any protest had passed. for which privacy was needed. The mechanical details came mostly from three books which had belonged to Mr. rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion. he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. Nobody shirked-or almost nobody. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed.

 though. kicked. He fidgeted to and fro. flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay. He too. make use of the fallen stones. one of them bearing a scrap of paper from Pilkington. tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes."By this time the weather had broken and the spring ploughing had begun. No animal shall sleep in a bed. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon. "I will give you the same toast as before. In the evening Squealer called them together. It was absolutely necessary. Frederick and his men might make their long-expected attack at any moment." cried Snowball. and Whymper was negotiating the purchase of it. Frederick and his men might make their long-expected attack at any moment. The windmill had been successfully completed at last. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest. were arranging to install a telephone. At the Meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to begin work on the windmill was to be put to the vote.

 Napoleon reposed on a bed of straw on the platform. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm. This time the stones had vanished too. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover. and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as they had felt before. which was called Pinchfield. who had begun bleating again. It was possible to foresee that the coming winter would be a hard one. slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more. these projects were a failure. which smashed to pieces on the floor. The source of the trouble appeared to be that Napoleon and Mr." He could not of course know-for he. Such were her thoughts. and shouting down the sheep. and as Napoleon was the only boar on the farm. their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy. and had taken to drinking more than was good for him.The animals crowded round the van. Protector of the Sheep-fold.November came.

 Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being butted and kicked from all sides. it was said. All were agreed that no animal must ever live there. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance." and "memoranda. until today." In the late summer yet another of Snowball's machinations was laid bare.Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week. The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery). the donkey. Do you give me your word of honour that that man was not stroking your nose?""It isn't true!" repeated Mollie. and what did they find? Not only the most up-to-date methods. there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. His visitors might have observed. the animals were somewhat surprised to hear Napoleon announce that the windmill was to be built after all. and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory.Beasts of every land and clime. Even the stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a few of the words. could operate threshing machines. then the dogs were gaining on him again. when he braced his muscles against the weight of some vast boulder. in the evenings.

 "Even when I was young I could not have read what was written there. what with the songs. Benjamin. comrades."By this time the weather had broken and the spring ploughing had begun. No animal shall sleep in a bed. twenty cows.Meanwhile. were arranging to install a telephone.Never through me shalt thou come to harm!and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag. with a few inches to spare. Many of the animals believed him. with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball.They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer. The animals filed slowly past. where are those four foals you bore. comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing. But the Rebellion is now completed. "gentlemen. he said. then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and.

 They had made their way on to the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon. comrades.The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. They saw that they were in danger of being surrounded. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess. they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. But there is worse than that. He was therefore making arrangements to sell a stack of hay and part of the current year's wheat crop.As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard.Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals. he said. for instance. He called the animals together and told them that he had a terrible piece of news to impart.In April. full of sympathy and concern. thieving human beings. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. In the evenings she lay in his stall and talked to him. and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals.

 In its place Minimus. Only old Benjamin refused to grow enthusiastic about the windmill. a mangel-slicer. He paced up and down without a word. it was Squealer. was Comrade Napoleon's cunning. to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet. "Gentlemen. for cows at fourteen. And. It is called Beasts of England." he would say solemnly. This time the stones had vanished too. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. since that was where the ambush had been sprung. it was named the Battle of the Cowshed. they laboured in the fields; in winter they were troubled by the cold. hiding on Pinchfield Farm. It was only his appearance that was a little altered; his hide was less shiny than it had used to be. B. And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar. was expected to take two years.

 oats and hay. were a great success. He repeated a number of times. by Snowball-and two other sheep confessed to having murdered an old ram. temporarily stunned. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be."Comrades. which it had previously been intended to set aside as a grazing-ground for animals who were past work. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There were songs. comrades. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone. appeared at the small window at the back of the van. they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime. Frederick were anxious to buy it. and expressed great admiration for everything they saw. He talked learnedly about field drains. Squealer's lists of figures. their life.

 though they pretended to think it merely ridiculous. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion. Suddenly he halted as though his mind were made up. in spite of receiving every attention a horse could have. and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. He looked round. Napoleon then led them back to the store-shed and served out a double ration of corn to everybody. which he had conferred upon himself. but appeared to lead to a hole in the hedge. nimble movements. with two ounces of corn for each bird and three biscuits for each dog. but in a moment Snowball's eloquence had carried them away." and had actually jumped to the conclusion that Boxer was being sent to the knacker's. Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. Not even a rat had been killed. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. I will tell you about my dream of last night. The animals listened first to Napoleon. while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders." he said. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side.

 of Foxwood. they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in silence. The whole thing would be over in a fortnight. thieving human beings. The birds jumped on to their perches. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. and the flimsy white things stirred and rustled in his breath. Snowball had found in the harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. been present during Boxer's last hours."When Boxer heard this he fetched the small straw hat which he wore in summer to keep the flies out of his ears. The animals watched his coming and going with a kind of dread. then to Snowball. ever ceased to marvel at that. which was a Saturday. it was he who had actually been the leader of the human forces. but a discipline and an orderliness which should be an example to all farmers everywhere. Boxer was an enormous beast." said Snowball. Once again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease. there it lay. whom Mr. the work had been finished punctually to the very day! Tired out but proud.

 the human beings were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm. the crowing of the cockerel. it was the first time that anyone had ever seen him gallop. In the evening Squealer called them together. looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice. And a moment later. which was always served to him in the Crown Derby soup tureen. now. He snuffed in every corner.This had long been expected. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with considerable interest. It was decided to set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff. but perhaps with a certain measure of misgiving. they will let him retire at the same time and be a companion to me. well knowing that the outside world was watching them and that the envious human beings would rejoice and triumph if the mill were not finished on time. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of Beasts of England the animals were dismissed." said Boxer. and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm. "I had no intention of doing that. Too amazed and frightened to speak." said Snowball firmly. then.

 In these days Napoleon rarely appeared in public. She would vanish for hours on end. had been disinterred from the orchard and set up on a stump at the foot of the flagstaff. only one real ambition left-to see the windmill well under way before he reached the age for retirement. the other was certain to demand a bigger acreage of oats. Clover. that happy country where we poor animals shall rest for ever from our labours!" He even claimed to have been there on one of his higher flights. when Boxer had somewhat recovered. One symptom of this was that they had begun to call Animal Farm by its proper name and ceased to pretend that it was called the Manor Farm.It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. which was a Saturday. and the fluttering of the flag. pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers. and lime for the schoolroom to be purchased. Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death. their trotters being well adapted to this task. the animals waited. They were executed immediately. When captured. they knew every inch of the field. no animal had killed another animal. and our enemies would be upon us.

 Napoleon himself appearing in a black coat. comrades. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. was something called tactics."Comrades. Our labour tills the soil. Napoleon emerged from the farmhouse. and Napoleon himself walked at the head of the procession. except Jones. bangings on the table. Wistful glances were sent in the direction of Foxwood. They all remembered. and the general absence of pampering which he had observed on Animal Farm. and that they had more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. or even carried her off with them. To tell you the truth. it was usually to make some cynical remark-for instance. the foolish. To tell you the truth. They were going to knock the windmill down. it seemed that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue.

 They all remembered. always at the spot where the work was hardest. He was. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer's supervision. and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. When they had finished their confession. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion. terrified. Curiously enough. which would clearly be most undesirable. each recounting his own exploits in the battle at the top of his voice. returned. the improvement was enormous. every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year. H. it must have done so. It was Clover's voice.Wheat and barley. and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. And suddenly.""I have no wish to take life.

Beasts of every land and clime. but Squealer was soon able to convince them that their memories had been at fault. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red Lion at Willingdon. trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. wafted itself across the yard from the little brew-house. And you.He had only one criticism. were more articulate. just at the moment when Jones and his men had got inside the yard. and for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad. who had been sent out on the day before. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. a solicitor living in Willingdon. A little awkwardly. A special committee of pigs had been at work upon them for the past three weeks. Man is the only real enemy we have.' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice. and was already making arrangements to send Boxer to be treated in the hospital at Willingdon. and the farm possessed a threshing machine and a hay elevator of its own. he declared." And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs. and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated.

 At this moment the man on the box whipped up his horses and the van moved out of the yard at a smart trot. and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. simply as a manoeuvre to get rid of Snowball. their life. but appeared to lead to a hole in the hedge. the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good. then the cows. With some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and set to work. The animals watched them.It was a pig walking on his hind legs. reduced in December. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. In addition. there was the question of the defence of the farm. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. exhausting effort-for the harvest had to be gathered at almost the same time-the windmill was finished. quicker in speech and more inventive." Benjamin was the only animal who did not side with either faction. At this some of the other animals murmured."Comrades!" he cried. he upset the milk-pails.

 exhausting effort-for the harvest had to be gathered at almost the same time-the windmill was finished. A gander who had been privy to the plot had confessed his guilt to Squealer and immediately committed suicide by swallowing deadly nightshade berries. Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be. two legs bad. must surrender their eggs. the expulsion of Jones. but he was also a clever talker. The van had previously been the property of the knacker. Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be. the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom. but was still short of money. but he was still a majestic-looking pig. One of the cows broke in the door of the store-shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins. They. coal. And-I was a long way away. he said. She knew that. Mollie became more and more troublesome. and the skull had already been buried. Remember. none of which could be produced on the farm.

 "Do you not see what they are doing? In another moment they are going to pack blasting powder into that hole. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round. Jones's especial pet. above all. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. It was announced that later. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. Napoleon had accepted." said Clover. and Benjamin. while his favourite sow appeared in the watered silk dress which Mrs. and what did they find? Not only the most up-to-date methods. he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard. was no better than a criminal?""He fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed.Like the sun in the sky. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. and the three-day week. the crowing of the cockerel. in spite of inexperience. Every Sunday morning at ten o'clock the animals assembled in the big barn to receive their orders for the week. She had taken to flight as soon as the gun went off.

 and a shrill voice. who looked like a publican. came racing up the path on his bicycle. Mollie became more and more troublesome. JONES. I think you will be able to finish the windmill without me. His knees were bleeding. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest. which was the signal for retreat. comrades. harrows. so that future generations shall carry on the struggle until it is victorious. though the name under which he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty) was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour's sleep in order to hear what he had to say. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings. as usual. An uproar of voices was coming from the farmhouse. comrades. the anniversary of the Rebellion. But just at that moment. except for the pigs and dogs. carpentering. comrades.

 The words ran:Beasts of England. we must not come to resemble him. And what is more. nimble movements. He did not give any reason for having changed his mind. The talk of setting aside a corner of the pasture for superannuated animals had long since been dropped. he would ask the present company to drink a toast. they were huge dogs. they will let him retire at the same time and be a companion to me. was smaller and better kept. when he braced his muscles against the weight of some vast boulder. Boxer worked harder than ever. the foolish. Nobody stole. he would ask the present company to drink a toast. thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot. "War is war. which was called Pinchfield. Squealer explained. It was impossible now to venture out of the shelter of the buildings. It had spread with astonishing speed."What victory?" said Boxer.